Terms & Prison lingo
To the average person who has never been in prison or any correctional related facility, I am going to give you a crash course in what some terms and prison lingo mean. As you read through this site it may be helpful to you, however, I often put a short meaning in brackets.
The term prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are confined and usually deprived of a range of personal freedoms. I think most of us have heard and understand those terms, however within that is a broad range of terms and often-misunderstood terminology.
The term 'jail' is often considered synonymous with prison. However there are some important differences. Jail in Canada is where people convicted of a crime will serve their sentence if it is less then two years, often called 2 years less a day, which means they go to a provincially run jail and not a federally run prison. Jails will also typically hold people who are not found guilty of crime that have been what they refer to as "remanded to custody", often called remand. That is when they have not yet been granted bail or have been denied bail before they are found guilty. It is also referred to as "Dead Time" quite often as it is up to the sitting judge to decide if he/she will count the time towards their sentence if convicted. If they are not convicted then the time cannot be used, thus the term "Dead Time". Jails are typically smaller than prisons and do not have as many programs and are not equipped with as many tools to help the offender. If you are sentenced to a crime in one province you are most likely to serve that sentence out in a jail that is located in that province.
Prisons are federally ran institutions. Only people who are serving a sentence of 2 years or more will be incarcerated there. It is possible to have a convict serving a sentence and be awaiting an outcome on another charge. When they are required to go before the court they will be transported to a local jail by the Sheriff department in the area of the court. Prisons usually hold a lot more prisoners as compared to jails. There are different types of prisons as well- super maximum-security prisons (super max), maximum-security prisons, medium security prisons and minimum-security prisons. At first it is hard to understand the differences. Just think of it this way- the higher the security; the more rules and precautions taken, and these are lesser as you move to lowered levels.
Prisons have more programs and assistance to help the offender and more money to work with than the provincial jails. They usually have some trades and education that you can acquire while you are there, such as more self-help groups, access to chaplaincy, counseling, etc. However, before you sign up, they also have more violent offenders and more crime. Often in provincial jails you may have a few fights and some minor problems (most of the time), however you have that on daily basis in a prison system. Quite often in prisons, people are assaulted more severely, possibly with pipes or sticks, stabbings, etc. The degree of survival from one to the other is very different.
ETA is an Escorted Temporary Absence, and it is just as it says 'escorted'. ETA is usually done by a prison guard regardless of jail or prison. However there are people or volunteers that may be cleared to be able to act as an escort for prisoners. Typically you only go for the day or a short period of time before returning back to the facility.
UTA (Unescorted Temporary Absence), often called TA for short, is simply a pass that you are given in which you can leave by yourself. This could be for family, medical, or other reasons. They typically are granted for 3 days at a time, but they can run longer or shorter. If you are in jail, the warden has more discretion over granting a UTA, where as if you are in prison you need the NPB (National Parole Board) to grant them for you. It is a much harder process in the federal prison system.
Statutory Release is when you completed 2/3 of your sentence, often called "Stat Release". Normally you will be released after this and the remainder is served on parole. However, if you are in prison you could be forced to a halfway house or it possible some convicts could be "Gated". Gated is a term for when Correction Services Canada and the Parole Board deem the person likely to re-offend and force him/her to serve the full sentence imposed by the court. It does happen on occasion.
Day parole from a jail is usually controlled by the provincial jail. Depending on the terms you could go out for 1 day a week or every day. You typically leave in the morning and come back later that evening. In some cases you might be sent to a local provincial halfway house, which I will talk more about later. Most times it is not necessary as these sentences are shorter in nature and take more time to do the paper work, and by that time you may be on full parole. However in a federal prison you are sent to a halfway house, and you guessed it, there are federal halfway houses and provincially ran ones as well. If you are a violent offender or the Parole board just wants to keep a closer eye on you till you prove yourself, you are going to have to go to federal one. If the fear of you re-offending is minimal, even if you have a violent offence, you could go to a provincial one if all works out for you.
There are two ways you can get full parole. If there is no intervention by NPB (National Parole Board), you will automatically receive this at your statutory release, or you go before the NPB and are granted it before your stat release. Either case you still have rules to follow and conditions will be imposed depending on your needs and situation.
Expiration date means when the sentence is over. If someone was sentenced to 8 years, once 8 years arrives the sentence is complete and you have full rights and freedoms like anyone else. If someone was sentenced to life in prison, regardless of what it was, 2nd degree murder, 1st degree murder, or manslaughter, the judge can sentence that person to life in prison if convicted of manslaughter or other charges as well. They would be given a parole eligibility date, minimum with 2nd degree murder is 10 years and goes up from there, depending on a number of factors. However the expiration date for a convict in this type of sentence is when they die. Life means life and this is often why this sentence is called "letters". Sometimes you will hear lifer's say, "I am doing letters". If you are doing the "BITCH", declared "habitual offender" your expiration date is also when you pass away.
Halfway house is a place where offenders can stay upon conditional release of day parole, statutory release, or other restrictions imposed by the NPB. It is as close to being in normal society as possible and yet still being in a correctional facility. In Canada there are two types as with types of incarceration. Provincial Halfway houses are more common and they typically house less violent offenders or lower risk to re-offend. A prisoner must submit a request to go to one of these halfway houses, and has to be granted the request. Federal halfway houses, while there are not as many, typically are larger and house more convicts coming out of prison. One of the major differences between the two is that the federal ran halfway houses can be ordered by the National Parole Board to accept a prisoner upon release, whereas the provincial one requires acceptance within the in-house staff. I also find that provincial halfway houses tend to pamper an offender way to much by making meals and providing too many normal things a person is required to do everyday of normal life. The whole point of a halfway house is to prepare you for the real world.
CSC - Correctional Service of Canada
POI's - Parole officer Institution (Used to be called CMO - Case Management Officer)
PO - Parole Officer (Parole officers in parole offices dealing with offenders on release)
NPB - National Parole Board
Prison lingo | Prison Slang
I do not want to get to deep into this topic I only want to state enough so that you can understand. Some of the terms used are often used on a day to day basis through the prison system.
The term "rat, fur back, informant, squealer", etc, all mean that you told on someone, divulged information about a crime to the authorities or you told on another prison within the correctional facility.
"Goof", that is a term that you probably do not take to serious, however in prison it means something quite different than on the street. It could vary from being a rat, sex offender, or both.
The term "Piece of Shit" means you are viewed as the lowest from of life; you could be a rat, goof, or sex offender (usually someone who is child sexual predator would have this distinction right away). This term is often used way too much in the prison system and often results in a lot of fights, beatings and negative behavior.
Prison Code | Honor among Thieves
The prison code and honor among thieves is not always followed in today's prisons like it used to be years ago, and is often interrupted by greed and personal agenda. It is often used to justify the most abhorrent violent acts or crimes commited by offenders. I am not a psychologist or doctor writing this, I am an ex-con. It is nothing less then an oxymoron in a society of criminally perverted minds in which you are forced to follow or pay the price. It could be described as doing the right thing when only the wrong choices are provided. You think that sounds confusing? Try to live in a world that promotes this thought and practice.
In simple terms, it means you do not rat (tell what someone did) on anyone or give up your co- accused of a crime, or other offenders, even if you were the victim of the crime. Yes that is right! Even if you were almost beat to death or raped, you are supposed to rise up and strike them down in your own form of vigilante justice. The code prohibits you from stealing from one inmate to another (that one always made me laugh) -a paradox of terms at a best. Let me put it into context; if you see someone murdered in front of your eyes you are not to help or assist the police or authorities in any way. It would be one thing on the outside but in prison you really are better off not to say anything. I know that may be difficult for someone to grasp, however if you were in prison for a while you know what I am talking about. It can keep you alive and well inside prison; however this line of thinking will destroy you on the outside of prison.
Disobeying this code inside prison can result in very malicious actions. It could be anything in the from of ostracism, to sexual assault, aggravated assault, a string of brutal assaults, and in some cases murder. If you get labeled a rat in prison it will follow you forever, even if you do not get physically hurt you will never live it down. If you get beat with sticks or pipes or stabbed, by several convicts and survive, you are better off not saying anything. Why? Because when you get better they are only going to put you right back out there with the people who did it, and if you say anything and they do ship the other guys to another prison, their friends will take care of you the first chance they get. Not only that, often you go back out when you are not even fully healed and can't defend yourself as well as before the attack. Your other option is going to PC (Protective Custody). Sounds great? NOT! You are locked in a cell 23 ½ hours a day. Sure you are physically safer then you were, however you more likely to commit suicide after a period of time.